Mathematica in ludo Dobble03
22

Ultima nocte ludorum familiarium nostrarum, pueri cum studio ludum Dobble (editionem Harrii Potteri) protulerunt. Post quinque vices amissas (sine charta mea chartae lusoriae congruenti), miratus sum cum didici quemque lusorem semper congruentem in unaquaque vice invenire posse. Attamen, incredulitas mea tantum pluribus vicis amissis occurrit – pueri simpliciter celeriores erant.

Ratio satis est ut propius aspicias ludum ex parte mathematica. Primum principium lusus: Dobble est simplex card lusus cum $55$ rotundis pecto, unumquodque ostendens octo signa diversa. Omnes chartae vicissim tractantur, solum ultimum chartae in media tabula relinquens. Nunc omnes lusores debent simul habere symbola in charta cum symbolis comparare in currenti summo card. Si histrio idem symbolum in utraque charta invenerit, chartam suam in acervo collocare potest, cum velocissime symbolum nominare possit. Lusor qui omnes chartas suas abicit primus vincit.

Quomodo fieri potest ut $55$ tales chartae sint ita constructae ut quaelibet 2 schedulae prorsus unum symbolum commune habeant? Quid est numerus minimus talium symbolorum quibus utendum est? Quid est numerus maximus talis pecto?

Primum haec schedula construimus utentes sequentes logicales gradus (omnes deinde schedulae constructae proprietatem habent quae in ascendendo ordine disponuntur): Prima charta debet habere 8 diversa symbola, i.e.:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\ 5 \\ 6 \\ 7 \\ 8 \end{array}\right)$$

Quomodo chartas sequentes ita construimus ut unum prorsus symbolum commune cum prima charta habeant?:

Quilibet numerus talium chartarum iam hic construi potest (modo imple loca ascendendo, incipiendo a $9$ ). Hic casus levis non interest, tamen, quia in statuto cum minimo symbolorum numero sumus (et maximus numerus chartarum). Nunc secundo cujusvis chartae symbolum $ x_{l.2} $ consideramus, ad quod nimirum haec applicanda sunt: $ x_{1.2} \neq x_{2.2} \neq x_{3.2} \neq \ldots \neq x_{k.2} $ . Necessario igitur nova $ k $ introducta sunt. Nunc autem $ k \leq 8-1 = 7 $ , cum nulla ex $ 7 $ symbolis $ x_{1.2},\, x_{1.3},\, x_{1.4},\, x_{1.5},\, x_{1.6},\, x_{1.7},\, x_{1.8} $ (cardi ultimi chartae) secundo symbolo utriusque chartarum (aliter essent duo symbola identica. ).

Maximum horum invenimus novum pecto VII:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{1.2} \\ x_{1.3} \\ x_{1.4} \\ x_{1.5} \\ x_{1.6} \\ x_{1.7} \\ x_{1.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{2.2} \\ x_{2.3} \\ x_{2.4} \\ x_{2.5} \\ x_{2.6} \\ x_{2.7} \\ x_{2.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{3.2} \\ x_{3.3} \\ x_{3.4} \\ x_{3.5} \\ x_{3.6} \\ x_{3.7} \\ x_{3.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{4.2} \\ x_{4.3} \\ x_{4.4} \\ x_{4.5} \\ x_{4.6} \\ x_{4.7} \\ x_{4.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{5.2} \\ x_{5.3} \\ x_{5.4} \\ x_{5.5} \\ x_{5.6} \\ x_{5.7} \\ x_{5.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{6.2} \\ x_{6.3} \\ x_{6.4} \\ x_{6.5} \\ x_{6.6} \\ x_{6.7} \\ x_{6.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ x_{7.2} \\ x_{7.3} \\ x_{7.4} \\ x_{7.5} \\ x_{7.6} \\ x_{7.7} \\ x_{7.8} \end{array}\right)$$

Eodem argumento nunc tabulas proximas $7$ construimus (prima harum tabularum cum tabula nostra incipiens collidere habet, et non cum $1$ , alioquin ante $7$ esset. invenerunt maps):

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{8.2} \\ x_{8.3} \\ x_{8.4} \\ x_{8.5} \\ x_{8.6} \\ x_{8.7} \\ x_{8.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{9.2} \\ x_{9.3} \\ x_{9.4} \\ x_{9.5} \\ x_{9.6} \\ x_{9.7} \\ x_{9.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{10.2} \\ x_{10.3} \\ x_{10.4} \\ x_{10.5} \\ x_{10.6} \\ x_{10.7} \\ x_{10.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{11.2} \\ x_{11.3} \\ x_{11.4} \\ x_{11.5} \\ x_{11.6} \\ x_{11.7} \\ x_{11.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{12.2} \\ x_{12.3} \\ x_{12.4} \\ x_{12.5} \\ x_{12.6} \\ x_{12.7} \\ x_{12.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{13.2} \\ x_{13.3} \\ x_{13.4} \\ x_{13.5} \\ x_{13.6} \\ x_{13.7} \\ x_{13.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{14.2} \\ x_{14.3} \\ x_{14.4} \\ x_{14.5} \\ x_{14.6} \\ x_{14.7} \\ x_{14.8} \end{array}\right)$$

Hoc argumentum pro proximis chartis $7$ eodem modo continuari potest; in summa $8-2 = 6$ vicibus. Ultimae igitur chartae $7$ sunt:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{50.2} \\ x_{50.3} \\ x_{50.4} \\ x_{50.5} \\ x_{50.6} \\ x_{50.7} \\ x_{50.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{51.2} \\ x_{51.3} \\ x_{51.4} \\ x_{51.5} \\ x_{51.6} \\ x_{51.7} \\ x_{51.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{52.2} \\ x_{52.3} \\ x_{52.4} \\ x_{52.5} \\ x_{52.6} \\ x_{52.7} \\ x_{52.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{53.2} \\ x_{53.3} \\ x_{53.4} \\ x_{53.5} \\ x_{53.6} \\ x_{53.7} \\ x_{53.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{54.2} \\ x_{54.3} \\ x_{54.4} \\ x_{54.5} \\ x_{54.6} \\ x_{54.7} \\ x_{54.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{55.2} \\ x_{55.3} \\ x_{55.4} \\ x_{55.5} \\ x_{55.6} \\ x_{55.7} \\ x_{55.8} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 8 \\ x_{56.2} \\ x_{56.3} \\ x_{56.4} \\ x_{56.5} \\ x_{56.6} \\ x_{56.7} \\ x_{56.8} \end{array}\right)$$

Si nunc aliam schedulam construere volueris $$\left(\begin{array}{c} 9 \\ x_{57.2} \\ x_{57.3} \\ x_{57.4} \\ x_{57.5} \\ x_{57.6} \\ x_{57.7} \\ x_{57.8} \end{array}\right)$$ , hoc deficiat quod haec schedula non habet commune symbolum. Hoc modo maximam $1 + 8 \cdot 7 = 57$ construximus. Propositum nunc est construere totidem.

Ad hoc faciendum inspicimus primas 7 novas chartas inventas et ad conclusionem nos omnino necessarias $7 \cdot 7$ novis symbolis (nulla charta duplicata habere symbolum et unumquodque symbolum tribuendum esse non bis apparere quia $1$ iam duplex est):

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 9 \\ 10 \\ 11 \\ 12 \\ 13 \\ 14 \\ 15 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 16 \\ 17 \\ 18 \\ 19 \\ 20 \\ 21 \\ 22 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 23 \\ 24 \\ 25 \\ 26 \\ 27 \\ 28 \\ 29 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 30 \\ 31 \\ 32 \\ 33 \\ 34 \\ 35 \\ 36 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 37 \\ 38 \\ 39 \\ 40 \\ 41 \\ 42 \\ 43 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 44 \\ 45 \\ 46 \\ 47 \\ 48 \\ 49 \\ 50 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 51 \\ 52 \\ 53 \\ 54 \\ 55 \\ 56 \\ 57 \end{array}\right)$$

Hoc significat minimum egere $8 + (7 \cdot 7) = 57$ symbola (i.e. totidem symbola quot chartae). Nunc cum hoc numero acquirere conamur et designat speciem pro omnibus aliis elementis. Ad hoc efficiendum ambages paulo minores quae tantum symbola per chartam portat $3$ et ut schedulam incipientem efficiunt.

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{array}\right)$$

et alter pecto

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 4 \\ 5 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 6 \\ 7 \end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{3.2} \\ x_{3.3} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ x_{4.2} \\ x_{4.3} \end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 3 \\ x_{5.2} \\ x_{5.3} \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 3 \\ x_{6.2} \\ x_{6.3} \end{array}\right)$$

cum summa $1 + 3 \cdot 2 = 7$ chartarum ac $ 3 + (2 \cdot 2) = 7$ symbolorum. Paulo iudicio et errore (et utens symbolis iam assignatis) habes sequens dobble:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 4 \\ 5 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 6 \\ 7 \end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ 4 \\ 6 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ 5 \\ 7 \end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 3 \\ 4 \\ 7 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 3 \\ 5 \\ 6 \end{array}\right)$$

Potestne hoc quoque systematice inveniri? Ad hoc ingreditur symbola $4, 5, 6, 7$ in duplicata matrice:

$$\begin{array}{ccc} 4 & & 5 \\ & & \\ 6 & & 7\end{array}$$

Nunc fingimus primum duas chartas (incipientes a symbolis initio \ $4$ et $5$ ) verticales lineas connectere ad symbola inferiora $6$ et $7$:

$$\begin{array}{ccc} 4 & & 5 \\ \vdots & & \vdots \\ 6 & & 7\end{array}$$

Cum hae lineae non secant, nos (signa in iunctis lineis per lineam struendo) maximas chartas validas accipimus.:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ 4 \\ 6 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} 2 \\ 5 \\ 7 \end{array}\right)$$

Denique lineas connectentes diverso clivo (in hoc casu cum clivo $1$ connectentes imaginamur ):

$$\begin{array}{ccccc} & 4 & & 5 & \\ \ddots & & \ddots & & \ddots \\ & 6 & & 7 &\end{array}$$

Secunda linea connectens (inter $5$ et $6$ ) relinquit matrix in margine dextro et rursus in margine sinistro intrat. Gradientem callide eligendo, cavemus ne lineae connexiones inter se secant, sed etiam ut priores lineae connexiones non secant. Hoc consilium idea finaliter ducit ad formulam sequentis design:

Duplex cum $k \in \mathbb{N} \, | \, (k-1) \text{ prim} $ habet $1+(k \cdot (k-1)) = k^2-k+1 = k + (k-1)(k-1)$ chartarum ac symbolorum. Nam tabula $K_x$ cum $x \in \mathbb{N}$ et $0 \leq x \leq (k-1) \cdot k$ applicat:

$$K_x = \left(\begin{array}{c} f(x,1) \\ f(x,2) \\ \vdots \\ f(x,k) \end{array}\right), \,\, m = \left\lfloor \frac{x-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1,$$

$$f(x,y) = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} y & \text{falls } x = 0 \\ \lfloor \frac{x-1}{k-1} \rfloor + 1, &\text{sonst falls } y = 1 \\ (k+1) + (k-1)(x-1) + (y-2), & \text{sonst falls } 0 < x < k \\ \left( \left((m-1)(k-1)+x\right)-1+ \left( (m-2)(y-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) &\text{sonst} \\ + (k+1) + (k-1)(y-2)&\end{array}\right.$$

Sunt $(k-1)\cdot k + 1 = k + (k-1)(k-1)$ fragmenta harum chartarum. Nunc solum restat ostendere:

$$ \forall x_1 < x_2 \in \{ 1, \ldots, k+(k-1)(k-1) \} \, \exists \, ! \, y_1, y_2 \in \{ 1, \ldots, k \}: f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_2, y_2) $$

1 si: $ x_1 = 0 $
- Casus 1a: $ 0 < x_2 < k $
  - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, 1) = 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \rfloor + 1 = 1$ .
  - Nam $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, y_1) = y_1 \neq 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, y_2) = \lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \rfloor + 1 = 1$
  - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, 1) = 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, y_2) = (k+1) + (k-1)(x-1) + (y-2) =$
    $(k+1)(x-1) + (k-1) + y \geq (k+1)(x-1)+y > 1$
  - Est enim $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ est.
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, y_1) = y_1 \leq k$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, y_2) = (k+1) + (k-1)(x-1) + (y-2) > k$
- Causa 1b *: $ x_2 \geq k $
  - Nam $y_1 = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ habemus:
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1$
  - Nam $y_1 \neq \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ est:
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, y_1) = y_1 \neq \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1$
  - Nam $y_2 \neq 1$ est;
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(0, y_1) = y_1 \leq k$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1)$
    $+ (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \geq (k+1)+(k-1)(y_2-2) > k $
2 si: $ 0 < x_1 < k $
- Causa 2a*: $ 0 < x_2 < k $
  - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
  - Nam $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, y_1) = (k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1)+(y_1-2) > 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
  - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, y_2) = (k+1)+(k-1)(x_2-1)+(y_2-2) > 1$
  - Est enim $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ est.
    $f(x_1, y_1) = (k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1)+(y_1-2) \leq$
    $(k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1)+(k-2)$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = (k+1)+(k-1)(x_2-1)+(y_2-2) \geq$
    $(k+1)+(k-1)((x_1+1)-1)+(y_2-2) =$
    $(k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1) + (k-1) + (y_2-2) \geq$
    $(k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1) + (k-1) + (2-2) \geq$
    $(k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1) + (k-1) > (k+1)+(k-1)(x_1-1) + (k-2)$
- Causa 2b*: $ x_2 \geq k $
  - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 \geq \left\lfloor \frac{k-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 2 > 1$
  - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1)$
    $+ (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \geq (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) > 1$
  - Nam $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
    $f(x_1, y_1) = \left( \left((m_1-1)(k-1)+x_1\right)-1+ \left( (m_1-2)(y_1-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1)$
    $+ (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2) \geq (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2) > 1$
    $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = 1$
  - For $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ is:
    $(k+1) + (k-1)(x_1-1) + (y_1-2) =$
    $\left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1)$
    $+ (k+1) + (k-1)(y-2)$
    $\Leftrightarrow y_1 = (k-1)y_2 - (k-1)(x_1+1) +$
    $\left( 2 + \left( \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) \right) \right) $
    For $y_2 = x_1+1$ cum $ 2 \leq y_2 \leq k$ is
    $y_1 = 2 + \left( \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) \right)$ cum $ 2 \leq y_1 \leq k$.
    Est una tantum solutio hic $ (y_1, y_2) $.
    Quia eligimus $y^*_2=y_2-1$ ut valorem, is $y^*_1 = y_1-(k-1) < 2$.
    Praeterea, pro $y^*_2*=y_2+1$ tunc " $y^*_1 = y_1+(k-1) > k$.
3. Casus: $ x_1 \geq k $
- Casus 3a: $ x_2 \geq k $
  - Apud 3a ': $m_1 = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor +1 = \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor +1 = m_2$
    - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
      $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = m_1$
      $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = m_2 = m_1$
    - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ :
      $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = m_1 = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 \leq \left\lfloor \frac{((k-1) \cdot k)-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 =$
      $\left\lfloor k - \frac{1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = (k - 1) + 1 = k$
      $f(x_2, y_2) = \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \%$
      $(k-1) + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \geq$
      $(k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \geq (k+1) > k$
    - Nam $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
      Vide $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ .
    - For $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ is:
      $f(x_1, y_1) = \left( \left((m_1-1)(k-1)+x_1\right)-1+ \left( (m_1-2)(y_1-2) \right) \right) \%$
      $(k-1) + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2) = L_1 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2)$
      $f(x_2, y_2) = \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \%$
      $(k-1) + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) = L_2 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2)$
      Tum $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_2, y_2) \Leftrightarrow$
      $L_1 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2) = L_2 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \Leftrightarrow$
      $L_1 + (k-1)(y_1-2) = L_2 + (k-1)(y_2-2) \Leftrightarrow$
      $L_1 - L_2 = (k-1)(y_2-y_1)$
      For $y_1 \neq y_2$ is $L_1-L_2 \leq (k-2 - 0) = k-2 < (k-1)(y_2-y_1)$.
      For $y_1 = y_2$ is $L_1 - L_2 = 0 \Leftrightarrow L_1 = L_2$ et
      $\left( \left((m_1-1)(k-1)+x_1\right)-1+ \left( (m_1-2)(y_1-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) =$
      $\left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) \Leftrightarrow$
      $x_1 = x_2 + (k-1)\cdot l$ contra $m_1 = m_2$.
  - Causa 3a'': $m_1 = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor +1 \neq \left\lfloor \frac{x_2-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor +1 = m_2$
    - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
      $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = m_1$
      $f(x_2, y_2) = f(x_2, 1) = m_2 \neq m_1$
    - Pro $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ :
      $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_1, 1) = m_1 = \left\lfloor \frac{x_1-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 \leq \left\lfloor \frac{((k-1) \cdot k)-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 =$
      $\left\lfloor k - \frac{1}{k-1} \right\rfloor + 1 = (k - 1) + 1 = k$
      $f(x_2, y_2) = \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \%$
      $(k-1) + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \geq$
      $(k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \geq (k+1) > k$
    - Nam $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 = 1$ :
      Vide $y_1 = 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ .
    - For $y_1 \neq 1$ et $y_2 \neq 1$ is:
      $f(x_1, y_1) = \left( \left((m_1-1)(k-1)+x_1\right)-1+ \left( (m_1-2)(y_1-2) \right) \right) \%$
      $(k-1) + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2) = L_1 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2)$
      $f(x_2, y_2) = \left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \%$
      $(k-1) + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) = L_2 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2)$
      Tum $f(x_1, y_1) = f(x_2, y_2) \Leftrightarrow$
      $L_1 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_1-2) = L_2 + (k+1) + (k-1)(y_2-2) \Leftrightarrow$
      $L_1 + (k-1)(y_1-2) = L_2 + (k-1)(y_2-2) \Leftrightarrow$
      $L_1 - L_2 = (k-1)(y_2-y_1)$
      For $y_1 \neq y_2$ is $L_1-L_2 \leq (k-2 - 0) = k-2 < (k-1)(y_2-y_1)$.
      For $y_1 = y_2$ is $L_1 - L_2 = 0 \Leftrightarrow L_1 = L_2$ et
      $\left( \left((m_1-1)(k-1)+x_1\right)-1+ \left( (m_1-2)(y_1-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) =$
      $\left( \left((m_2-1)(k-1)+x_2\right)-1+ \left( (m_2-2)(y_2-2) \right) \right) \% (k-1) \Leftrightarrow$
      $y = \frac{(k-1)\cdot l + (3-k)(m_2 - m_1) + (x_1 - x_2)}{m_2 - m_1}$
      Bene ibi $2 \leq y \leq k$ semper a * $l \in \mathbb{N}_0$, ut
      $m_2 - m_1 \mid (k-1)\cdot l + (3-k)(m_2 - m_1) + (x_1 - x_2)$.
      Probatur: ibi $(k-1)$ est prima, est (ob lemmate Bézout)
      $(k-1)\cdot l \equiv -\left( (3-k)(m_2-m_1) + (x_1-x_2) \right) \, \mod (m_2-m_1)$
      solubilis, quod $\text{ggT}\left((k-1),(m_2-m_1)\right) = 1$ Scindit $-\left( (3-k)(m_2-m_1) + (x_1-x_2) \right)$.
      Tum haec sola solutio est $l_1$, quod pro uno
      $l_2 = l_1 + (m_2-m_1)$ is $ y_2 = y_1 + (k-1) > k$.

Potes invenire interesting background informationes de argumento dobble et mathematicae hic vel hic . In sequenti scripto videre potes formulam antea probatam in actione: Dobbles (pro $(k-1)$ prim) generari posse cum impulsu globuli.:

See the Pen DOBBLE CREATOR by David Vielhuber (@vielhuber) on CodePen.

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Mathematica in ludo Dobble0322

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