Wektu ora pas? Email dikirim terlalu awal? Tundha email bisa migunani ing pirang-pirang kahanan: apa menehi wektu kanggo mriksa dhewe utawa ngatur beban kerja sampeyan kanthi efektif - wektu bisa dadi penting. Mangkene telung cara sampeyan bisa nundha ngirim email lan ngoptimalake komunikasi sampeyan dhewe.
Outlook
Microsoft Outlook nawakake fitur built-in sing ngidini sampeyan nundha email. Kanggo nindakake iki sampeyan nggunakake fungsi "Pilihan > Tundha pangiriman":
Kerugian gedhe saka solusi iki yaiku (sanajan ing lingkungan Exchange) Outlook kudu mlaku ing sisih klien nalika ngirim.
Gmail nawakake solusi sing rada apik ing kene. Kanggo nindakake iki, pindhah menyang "Jadwal Kirim" sadurunge ngirim email.:
Email sing wis dikirim uga bisa "batal" sajrone 30 detik. Kanggo nindakake iki, sampeyan kudu nyetel setelan masing-masing ing "Telpon kabeh setelan".:
Yen saiki sampeyan ngirim email, sampeyan bisa mbatalake ing wektu iki ing sisih kiwa ngisor:
Bumerang
Ana panyedhiya layanan mbayar kayata Boomerang kanggo Outlook sing, saliyane kanggo pangeling utawa tindakake-munggah otomatis, uga nawakake telat ngirim email.:
Kerugian ing kene yaiku email kasebut ana ing server pihak katelu lan ana biaya kanggo nggunakake.
PHP
Cukup alesan kanggo mbangun soko dhewe: Sampeyan uga bisa entuk apa sing dikarepake kanthi bantuan script PHP cilik. Pisanan, kita nggawe struktur folder ing kothak layang kita:
Iki nuduhake wektu pengiriman sing dikarepake. Alur kerja saiki kalebu nyimpen email sing ditulis minangka konsep tinimbang ngirim lan mindhah menyang folder sing cocog. Kita banjur nginstal kabeh paket PHP sing dibutuhake:
composer require php-imap/php-imap phpmailer/phpmailer vlucas/phpdotenvAkhire kita nggawe siji .env-File karo data akses lan setelan:
HOST_SMTP="xxx"
PORT_SMTP=465
HOST_IMAP="xxx"
PORT_IMAP=993
USERNAME="foo@bar.com"
PASSWORD="xxx"
ENCRYPTION="ssl"
FROM_ADDRESS="foo@bar.com"
FROM_NAME="Foo Bar"
FOLDER_INBOX="INBOX/DELAY"
FOLDER_OUTBOX="Gesendete Elemente"
PHP_EXECUTABLE="/usr/bin/php"Skrip PHP ing ngisor iki banjur nindakake liyane:
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
class MailDelay
{
private \PhpImap\Mailbox $mailbox;
private array $folders;
public function init(): void
{
$this->loadEnvironmentVariables();
$this->initMailbox();
$this->initFolders();
$this->processFolders();
}
private function loadEnvironmentVariables(): void
{
$dotenv = \Dotenv\Dotenv::createImmutable(__DIR__);
$dotenv->load();
}
private function initMailbox(): void
{
$this->mailbox = new \PhpImap\Mailbox(
'{' . $_SERVER['HOST_IMAP'] . ':' . $_SERVER['PORT_IMAP'] . '/imap/ssl}' . $_SERVER['FOLDER_INBOX'],
$_SERVER['USERNAME'],
$_SERVER['PASSWORD'],
sys_get_temp_dir(),
'UTF-8'
);
}
private function initFolders(): void
{
$this->folders = [];
$folders = $this->mailbox->getMailboxes('*');
foreach ($folders as $folder) {
if ($folder['shortpath'] === $_SERVER['FOLDER_INBOX']) {
continue;
}
$this->folders[] = (object) $folder;
}
}
private function processFolders(): void
{
foreach ($this->folders as $folder) {
$this->mailbox->switchMailbox($folder->fullpath);
$mailIds = $this->mailbox->searchMailbox('ALL');
foreach ($mailIds as $mailId) {
$preparedMail = $this->prepareMailData($mailId, $folder->shortpath);
if (
$preparedMail->subject !== 'Dies ist Plain Text' &&
strtotime($preparedMail->time_to_send) > strtotime('now')
) {
continue;
}
try {
$this->sendMail($preparedMail);
echo 'Successfully sent mail #' . $preparedMail->id . '.' . PHP_EOL;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo 'Error in sending mail #' . $preparedMail->id . ': ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}
}
}
echo 'All mails have been processed.' . PHP_EOL;
}
private function prepareMailData(int $id, string $folder): object
{
$mail = $this->mailbox->getMail($id, false); // don't mark as unread
return (object) [
'id' => (string) $mail->id,
'to' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->to),
'cc' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->cc),
'bcc' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->bcc),
'subject' => (string) $mail->subject,
'content_html' => $this->convertEncoding($mail->textHtml),
'content_plain' => $this->convertEncoding($mail->textPlain),
'attachments' => $this->determineAttachments($mail->getAttachments()),
'time_to_send' => $this->determineTimeToSend(explode('/', $folder)[2], $mail->date)
];
}
private function formatEmailAddresses(?array $addresses): ?array
{
if (empty($addresses)) {
return null;
}
return array_map(
function ($key, $value) {
return [
'email' => $key,
'name' => $key === $value ? null : str_replace(' (' . $key . ')', '', $value)
];
},
array_keys($addresses),
$addresses
);
}
private function convertEncoding(string $text): string
{
return mb_detect_encoding($text, 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1') !== 'UTF-8'
? \UConverter::transcode($text, 'UTF8', 'ISO-8859-1')
: $text;
}
private function determineAttachments(array $attachmentsImap): array
{
$attachments = [];
if (!empty($attachmentsImap)) {
foreach ($attachmentsImap as $attachment) {
$attachments[] = [
'name' => $attachment->name,
'file' => $attachment->filePath,
'disposition' => $attachment->disposition,
'inline_id' => $attachment->contentId
];
}
}
return $attachments;
}
private function determineTimeToSend(string $delayTime, string $date): ?string
{
$timeToSend = null;
if ($delayTime === 'THIS EVENING') {
$timeToSend = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date)) . ' 18:00:00';
} elseif ($delayTime === 'THIS NIGHT') {
$timeToSend =
date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date . (date('H', strtotime($date)) >= 4 ? ' + 1 day' : ''))) . ' 03:42:00';
} elseif ($delayTime === 'NEXT MORNING') {
$timeToSend =
date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date . (date('H', strtotime($date)) >= 9 ? ' + 1 day' : ''))) . ' 09:00:00';
} elseif ($delayTime === 'NEXT WEEK') {
$date = new \DateTime(date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date)));
$date->modify('next monday');
$timeToSend = $date->format('Y-m-d') . ' 09:00:00';
}
return $timeToSend;
}
private function sendMail(object $preparedMail): void
{
$mail = new \PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer(true);
$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->Host = $_SERVER['HOST_SMTP'];
$mail->Port = $_SERVER['PORT_SMTP'];
$mail->Username = $_SERVER['USERNAME'];
$mail->Password = $_SERVER['PASSWORD'];
$mail->SMTPSecure = $_SERVER['ENCRYPTION'];
$mail->setFrom($_SERVER['FROM_ADDRESS'], $_SERVER['FROM_NAME']);
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
$mail->SMTPOptions = [
'tls' => ['verify_peer' => false, 'verify_peer_name' => false, 'allow_self_signed' => true],
'ssl' => ['verify_peer' => false, 'verify_peer_name' => false, 'allow_self_signed' => true]
];
$mail->CharSet = 'utf-8';
$this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->to, 'addAddress');
$this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->cc, 'addCC');
$this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->bcc, 'addBCC');
$mail->isHTML(!empty($preparedMail->content_html));
$mail->Subject = $preparedMail->subject;
if (!empty($preparedMail->content_html)) {
$mail->Body = $preparedMail->content_html;
$mail->AltBody = !empty($preparedMail->content_plain)
? $preparedMail->content_plain
: strip_tags(str_replace(['<br>', '<br/>', '<br />'], "\r\n", $preparedMail->content_html));
} else {
$mail->Body = $preparedMail->content_plain;
}
$this->addAttachments($mail, $preparedMail->attachments);
$mail->send();
$this->mailbox->moveMail($preparedMail->id, $_SERVER['FOLDER_OUTBOX']);
}
private function addRecipients(\PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer $mail, ?array $recipients, string $method): void
{
if (!empty($recipients)) {
foreach ($recipients as $recipient) {
$mail->$method($recipient['email'], $recipient['name']);
}
}
}
private function addAttachments(\PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer $mail, array $attachments): void
{
if (!empty($attachments)) {
foreach ($attachments as $attachment) {
if (!empty($attachment['file']) && !empty($attachment['name']) && file_exists($attachment['file'])) {
if ($attachment['disposition'] === 'attachment') {
$mail->addAttachment($attachment['file'], $attachment['name']);
} elseif ($attachment['disposition'] === 'inline') {
$mail->AddEmbeddedImage(
$attachment['file'],
$attachment['inline_id'],
$attachment['name'],
'base64',
'image/png'
);
}
}
}
}
}
}
$md = new MailDelay();
$md->init();Supaya script iki mlaku bola-bali, kita nggawe file bash:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
source $(dirname "$0")/.env
"$PHP_EXECUTABLE" $(dirname "$0")/maildelay.phpKita banjur mbukak script iki saben 10 menit liwat cron proyek:
*/10 * * * * /path/to/maildelay/maildelay.sh 2>&1Solusi iki bisa disesuaikan kanthi fleksibel, ramah privasi lan gratis. Bisa digunakake karo akun apa wae (kompatibel IMAP). Nanging preduli saka apa sampeyan nggunakake fungsi terpadu ing Outlook utawa Gmail, nggunakake piranti canggih kaya Boomerang utawa ngleksanakake solusi individu - ngirim email ing basis wektu-pindhah minangka alat terkenal kanggo nambah produktivitas dhewe.