时间不对？电子邮件发送得太早？延迟电子邮件在许多情况下都很有用：无论是给自己复习时间还是有效管理自己的工作量 - 时机至关重要。您可以通过以下三种方法延迟发送电子邮件并优化自己的沟通。
前景
Microsoft Outlook 提供了一项内置功能，可让您延迟发送电子邮件。为此，您可以使用该函数 "选项 > 延迟交货":
此解决方案的一大缺点是（即使在 Exchange 环境中）发送时 Outlook 也必须在客户端上运行。
谷歌
Gmail在这里提供了一个稍微好一点的解决方案。为此，请在发送电子邮件之前转到“安排发送” 。:
已经发送的电子邮件也可以在 30 秒内“撤消”。为此，您首先在“调用所有设置”下设置相应的设置。:
如果您现在发送电子邮件，您可以在左下角的时间段内撤消它:
回旋镖
有一些付费服务提供商，例如Boomerang for Outlook ，除了提醒或自动跟进之外，还提供延迟电子邮件发送服务:
这样做的缺点是电子邮件最终会存储在第三方服务器上，并且使用它们需要付费。
的PHP
有足够的理由自己构建一些东西：您还可以借助一个小型PHP 脚本来实现您想要的目标。首先，我们在邮箱中创建一个文件夹结构:
这反映了所需的运输时间。现在的工作流程包括将书面电子邮件保存为草稿，而不是发送并将其移动到相关文件夹。然后我们安装所有必需的 PHP 包:
composer require php-imap/php-imap phpmailer/phpmailer vlucas/phpdotenv最后我们创建一个 .env- 包含访问数据和设置的文件:
HOST_SMTP="xxx"
PORT_SMTP=465
HOST_IMAP="xxx"
PORT_IMAP=993
USERNAME="foo@bar.com"
PASSWORD="xxx"
ENCRYPTION="ssl"
FROM_ADDRESS="foo@bar.com"
FROM_NAME="Foo Bar"
FOLDER_INBOX="INBOX/DELAY"
FOLDER_OUTBOX="Gesendete Elemente"
PHP_EXECUTABLE="/usr/bin/php"下面的 PHP 脚本将完成剩下的工作:
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
class MailDelay
{
private \PhpImap\Mailbox $mailbox;
private array $folders;
public function init(): void
{
$this->loadEnvironmentVariables();
$this->initMailbox();
$this->initFolders();
$this->processFolders();
}
private function loadEnvironmentVariables(): void
{
$dotenv = \Dotenv\Dotenv::createImmutable(__DIR__);
$dotenv->load();
}
private function initMailbox(): void
{
$this->mailbox = new \PhpImap\Mailbox(
'{' . $_SERVER['HOST_IMAP'] . ':' . $_SERVER['PORT_IMAP'] . '/imap/ssl}' . $_SERVER['FOLDER_INBOX'],
$_SERVER['USERNAME'],
$_SERVER['PASSWORD'],
sys_get_temp_dir(),
'UTF-8'
);
}
private function initFolders(): void
{
$this->folders = [];
$folders = $this->mailbox->getMailboxes('*');
foreach ($folders as $folder) {
if ($folder['shortpath'] === $_SERVER['FOLDER_INBOX']) {
continue;
}
$this->folders[] = (object) $folder;
}
}
private function processFolders(): void
{
foreach ($this->folders as $folder) {
$this->mailbox->switchMailbox($folder->fullpath);
$mailIds = $this->mailbox->searchMailbox('ALL');
foreach ($mailIds as $mailId) {
$preparedMail = $this->prepareMailData($mailId, $folder->shortpath);
if (
$preparedMail->subject !== 'Dies ist Plain Text' &&
strtotime($preparedMail->time_to_send) > strtotime('now')
) {
continue;
}
try {
$this->sendMail($preparedMail);
echo 'Successfully sent mail #' . $preparedMail->id . '.' . PHP_EOL;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo 'Error in sending mail #' . $preparedMail->id . ': ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}
}
}
echo 'All mails have been processed.' . PHP_EOL;
}
private function prepareMailData(int $id, string $folder): object
{
$mail = $this->mailbox->getMail($id, false); // don't mark as unread
return (object) [
'id' => (string) $mail->id,
'to' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->to),
'cc' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->cc),
'bcc' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->bcc),
'subject' => (string) $mail->subject,
'content_html' => $this->convertEncoding($mail->textHtml),
'content_plain' => $this->convertEncoding($mail->textPlain),
'attachments' => $this->determineAttachments($mail->getAttachments()),
'time_to_send' => $this->determineTimeToSend(explode('/', $folder)[2], $mail->date)
];
}
private function formatEmailAddresses(?array $addresses): ?array
{
if (empty($addresses)) {
return null;
}
return array_map(
function ($key, $value) {
return [
'email' => $key,
'name' => $key === $value ? null : str_replace(' (' . $key . ')', '', $value)
];
},
array_keys($addresses),
$addresses
);
}
private function convertEncoding(string $text): string
{
return mb_detect_encoding($text, 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1') !== 'UTF-8'
? \UConverter::transcode($text, 'UTF8', 'ISO-8859-1')
: $text;
}
private function determineAttachments(array $attachmentsImap): array
{
$attachments = [];
if (!empty($attachmentsImap)) {
foreach ($attachmentsImap as $attachment) {
$attachments[] = [
'name' => $attachment->name,
'file' => $attachment->filePath,
'disposition' => $attachment->disposition,
'inline_id' => $attachment->contentId
];
}
}
return $attachments;
}
private function determineTimeToSend(string $delayTime, string $date): ?string
{
$timeToSend = null;
if ($delayTime === 'THIS EVENING') {
$timeToSend = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date)) . ' 18:00:00';
} elseif ($delayTime === 'THIS NIGHT') {
$timeToSend =
date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date . (date('H', strtotime($date)) >= 4 ? ' + 1 day' : ''))) . ' 03:42:00';
} elseif ($delayTime === 'NEXT MORNING') {
$timeToSend =
date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date . (date('H', strtotime($date)) >= 9 ? ' + 1 day' : ''))) . ' 09:00:00';
} elseif ($delayTime === 'NEXT WEEK') {
$date = new \DateTime(date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date)));
$date->modify('next monday');
$timeToSend = $date->format('Y-m-d') . ' 09:00:00';
}
return $timeToSend;
}
private function sendMail(object $preparedMail): void
{
$mail = new \PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer(true);
$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->Host = $_SERVER['HOST_SMTP'];
$mail->Port = $_SERVER['PORT_SMTP'];
$mail->Username = $_SERVER['USERNAME'];
$mail->Password = $_SERVER['PASSWORD'];
$mail->SMTPSecure = $_SERVER['ENCRYPTION'];
$mail->setFrom($_SERVER['FROM_ADDRESS'], $_SERVER['FROM_NAME']);
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
$mail->SMTPOptions = [
'tls' => ['verify_peer' => false, 'verify_peer_name' => false, 'allow_self_signed' => true],
'ssl' => ['verify_peer' => false, 'verify_peer_name' => false, 'allow_self_signed' => true]
];
$mail->CharSet = 'utf-8';
$this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->to, 'addAddress');
$this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->cc, 'addCC');
$this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->bcc, 'addBCC');
$mail->isHTML(!empty($preparedMail->content_html));
$mail->Subject = $preparedMail->subject;
if (!empty($preparedMail->content_html)) {
$mail->Body = $preparedMail->content_html;
$mail->AltBody = !empty($preparedMail->content_plain)
? $preparedMail->content_plain
: strip_tags(str_replace(['<br>', '<br/>', '<br />'], "\r\n", $preparedMail->content_html));
} else {
$mail->Body = $preparedMail->content_plain;
}
$this->addAttachments($mail, $preparedMail->attachments);
$mail->send();
$this->mailbox->moveMail($preparedMail->id, $_SERVER['FOLDER_OUTBOX']);
}
private function addRecipients(\PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer $mail, ?array $recipients, string $method): void
{
if (!empty($recipients)) {
foreach ($recipients as $recipient) {
$mail->$method($recipient['email'], $recipient['name']);
}
}
}
private function addAttachments(\PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer $mail, array $attachments): void
{
if (!empty($attachments)) {
foreach ($attachments as $attachment) {
if (!empty($attachment['file']) && !empty($attachment['name']) && file_exists($attachment['file'])) {
if ($attachment['disposition'] === 'attachment') {
$mail->addAttachment($attachment['file'], $attachment['name']);
} elseif ($attachment['disposition'] === 'inline') {
$mail->AddEmbeddedImage(
$attachment['file'],
$attachment['inline_id'],
$attachment['name'],
'base64',
'image/png'
);
}
}
}
}
}
}
$md = new MailDelay();
$md->init();为了让这个脚本重复运行，我们创建一个 bash 文件:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
source $(dirname "$0")/.env
"$PHP_EXECUTABLE" $(dirname "$0")/maildelay.php然后我们通过 cron 作业每 10 分钟运行一次该脚本:
*/10 * * * * /path/to/maildelay/maildelay.sh 2>&1该解决方案可灵活定制、保护隐私且免费。它适用于任何（IMAP 兼容）帐户。但无论您是使用 Outlook 或 Gmail 中的集成功能、使用 Boomerang 等高级工具还是实施单独的解决方案 - 时移发送电子邮件都是提高您自身工作效率的宝贵工具。