I-Internet Protocol (IP) sisiseko sazo zonke izicelo ze-intanethi. Ezinye iiprotokholi, ezifana ne-TCP kunye ne-UDP, zakhela phezu kwayo, zithutha iinkonzo ezifana ne-HTTP(S), i-imeyile, i-telephony, kunye ne-DNS. I-IPv6 ithatha indawo ye-transport protocol endala ye-IPv4 kuba indawo yayo encinci yeedilesi ezimalunga ne-4 yeebhiliyoni sele iphelile. I-IPv6 ngoku iphantse ibe kuyo yonke indawo kwaye iluncedo ngakumbi kunokuba abaninzi becinga.
Nokuba awuyisebenzisi i-home cloud, kufuneka uyivule kwi-router yakho. I-NAT kwi-router ifihla ingxaki kuphela ngokufihla izixhobo ezininzi emva kwedilesi enye kawonkewonke ye-IPv4. I-IPv6 yandisa indawo yedilesi ukuya kwi-340 sextillion enkulu, ekufuneka yanele kwixesha elizayo, nokuba kukho iidilesi ezininzi kwisixhobo ngasinye. Ngaphezu koko, oku kuya kwenza inethiwekhi ihambelane ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko ababoneleli kunye neenkonzo abaninzi bekhetha i-IPv6.
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-intanethi isebenza njengoko yayicetywe ekuqaleni: Ngokomgaqo, yonke i-host inokufikelela ngqo kuyo yonke enye i-host, ukuba nje ii-firewalls endleleni ziyakuvumela oko. Ekubeni izixhobo ezindala zihlala ziyiqonda i-IPv4 kuphela, zombini iiprotokholi ziya kuqhubeka nokusebenza ngaxeshanye kwimodi ye-dual-stack kwiindawo ezininzi ixesha elide elizayo. I-IPv4 ayikwazanga ukwenza yonke into ixesha elide: Le teknoloji indala ayifihli ukunqongophala kwedilesi nge-NAT.
Abasebenzisi abanenethiwekhi eqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi ngeTV yekhebula badla ngokungakwazi ukufikelela kwilifu labo lasekhaya bengaphandle okanye ukuseka uqhagamshelo lweVPN kuba i-router yabo ayifumani idilesi kawonkewonke ye-IPv4. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeenethiwekhi ze-IPv6, kwaye kukho ezinye izibonelelo: iiseva ezininzi kwi-LAN zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo ngaxeshanye, okanye abalawuli banokulawula kude nayiphi na i-host kwi-LAN nge-desktop ekude.
Njengakwi-IPv4, i-IPv6 ikwanazo needilesi ezisebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, ngaphakathi kwesiqalo. fe80::/10. Emva koko ikhompyutha inedilesi enye ye-IPv6 esebenzayo kwihlabathi liphela (i-Globally Unique Address, GUA) apho inokufikelela khona kwiiseva ze-IPv6 kwi-intanethi. Okokugqibela, ii-routers ezininzi zinikezela ngee-Unique Local Addresses (ULAs, range). fd00::/8Oku kuvumela iinkampani ukuba zikwazi ukuhambisa izithuthi phakathi kwamasebe, nokuba azinayo i-intanethi.
Isiqalo yinxalenye yokuqala yedilesi ye-IPv6, eyabelwe ngumboneleli. I-router iyisebenzisa ukugqiba ukuba ipakethi kufuneka iye kumboneleli, kwenye i-router kwinethiwekhi, okanye kwi-LAN yendawo (W). Isiqingatha sesibini sedilesi sisihlonzi sesixhobo (IID) kwinethiwekhi yendawo. Ababoneleli abaninzi banika izimaphambili ezinkulu, ezifana... /56, Oku kuvumela ukusebenza kwee-subnet ezingama-256 ezahlukeneyo: ii-bits ezingama-56 kwi-Intanethi, ii-subnet bits ezisibhozo kunye nee-bits ezingama-64 ngaphakathi kwi-subnet yee-hosts.
I-host nganye ivumelekile ukuba izinike iidilesi ze-IPv6 isebenzisa isimaphambili esichazwe yi-router. Oku kunceda ukufihla indlela umsebenzisi aziphatha ngayo kusetyenziswa uLwandiso lwaBucala: Ikhompyutha idibanisa rhoqo inxalenye entsha ye-host engacwangciswanga kwisiqalo se-subnet kwaye isebenzise le dilesi kwiinxibelelwano ezintsha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ikhompyutha isebenzisa iidilesi ze-IPv6 ezinenxalenye ehlala ihleli yokusingatha izithuthi ezingenayo ezingacelwanga, ezifana nemisebenzi yeseva okanye ulawulo olukude. .
Iidilesi ezinde ze-IPv6 zingafinyezwa: Oo-zero abaphambili kwibhloko enamanani amane banokushiywa, kwaye umtya omnye oqhubekayo woo-zero ungatshintshwa ngamakholoni amabini. 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:0000:0000:0001 kuqala kufezwa ngokususa ooziro abaphambili kwibhloko nganye yezine 2001:db8:0:42:0:0:0:1.
Icandelo elide kakhulu le-zero eliqhubekekayo linokuthathwa njenge... :: sihamba kunye, oko kuya kuba 2001:db8:0:42::1. Umzekelo ocacileyo nangakumbi: fe80:0000:0000:0000:02aa:00ff:fe28:9c5a iza kuba fe80::2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a. Oku kubalulekile: :: Ingasetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela kwidilesi nganye. Ngaphandle koko, kamva kuya kuba nzima ukuyiqonda ukuba zingaphi. 0000-iibhloko zazijoliswe ngokwenene.
Ekugqibeleni, i-IPv6 ayinzima kangako njengoko ibonakala ekuqaleni. Kwanabo bangasebenzisi ilifu lasekhaya kufuneka bayivule kwi-router yabo. Ngeedilesi ezifanelekileyo kunye nee-firewall ezicwangcisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo, i-IPv6 isebenza ngasemva kwaye yenza imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ibe lula kakhulu. Ukuvumela i-IPv6 namhlanje akulungiseleli nje kuphela inethiwekhi yakho usetyenziso lwangomso kodwa kukunika inkululeko, ubulula, kunye nolawulo okwangoku.