I-Internet Protocol (IP) iyisisekelo sazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-inthanethi. Ezinye izinqubo, njenge-TCP ne-UDP, zakhela phezu kwayo, zithutha izinsizakalo ezifana ne-HTTP(S), i-imeyili, i-telephony, kanye ne-DNS. I-IPv6 ithatha indawo yenqubo yokuthutha yakudala i-IPv4 ngoba isikhala sayo esincane samakheli esicishe sibe yizigidigidi ezine sesiphelelwe isikhathi. I-IPv6 manje isicishe ibe yindawo yonke futhi iwusizo kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abakuqaphelayo.
Ngisho noma ungasebenzisi ifu lasekhaya, kufanele ulivule ku-router yakho. I-NAT ku-router ifihla inkinga ngokufihla amadivayisi amaningi ngemuva kwekheli elilodwa lomphakathi le-IPv4. I-IPv6 yandisa isikhala sekheli sibe yizigidigidi ezingama-340, okufanele sanele esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, ngisho nangamakheli amaningi ngedivayisi ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzokwenza inethiwekhi ihambisane kakhudlwana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba abahlinzeki nezinsizakalo eziningi ngokwengeziwe bekhetha i-IPv6.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-inthanethi isebenza njengoba yayihlosiwe ekuqaleni: Empeleni, wonke umsingathi angafinyelela ngqo wonke omunye umsingathi, uma nje ama-firewall endleleni evumela lokho. Njengoba amadivayisi amadala evame ukuqonda i-IPv4 kuphela, womabili amaphrothokholi azoqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuhambisanayo kwimodi ye-dual-stack ezindaweni eziningi isikhathi eside esizayo. I-IPv4 ibingakwazi ukwenza konke isikhathi eside: Lobu buchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi bufihla kancane ukushoda kwekheli nge-NAT.
Abasebenzisi abanenethiwekhi exhunywe kwi-inthanethi nge-TV yekhebula bavame ukungafinyeleli ifu labo lasekhaya bengaphandle noma basungule uxhumano lwe-VPN ngoba i-router yabo ayitholi ikheli le-IPv4 lomphakathi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngamanethiwekhi e-IPv6, futhi kunezinzuzo ezengeziwe: amaseva amaningi ku-LAN anganikeza izinsizakalo ezifanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma abaphathi bangaphatha kude noma yimuphi umsingathi ku-LAN ngedeskithophu ekude.
Njengoba kunjalo nge-IPv4, i-IPv6 inamakheli asebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, ngaphakathi kwesiqalo. fe80::/10. Khona-ke ikhompyutha inekheli le-IPv6 elisebenza emhlabeni wonke okungenani elilodwa (i-Globally Unique Address, GUA) elingafinyelela ngalo amaseva e-IPv6 ku-inthanethi. Okokugcina, ama-router amaningi anikezela ngamakheli endawo ahlukile (ama-ULA, ububanzi). fd00::/8) kuvuliwe. Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zihambise ithrafikhi phakathi kweminyango, noma ngabe azinayo i-inthanethi.
Isiqalo siyingxenye yokuqala yekheli le-IPv6, elinikezwe umhlinzeki. I-router iyisebenzisela ukunquma ukuthi iphakethe kufanele liye kumhlinzeki, kwenye i-router kunethiwekhi, noma ku-LAN yendawo (W). Ingxenye yesibili yekheli iyisihlonzi sedivayisi (IID) kunethiwekhi yendawo. Abahlinzeki abaningi banikeza iziqalo ezinkulu, njenge... /56, Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenza kwama-subnet angu-256 ahlukene: ama-bits angu-56 kwi-inthanethi, ama-subnet bits ayisishiyagalombili kanye nama-bits angu-64 ngaphakathi kwe-subnet yama-host.
I-host ngayinye ivunyelwe ukuzabela amakheli e-IPv6 isebenzisa isiqalo esichazwe yi-router. Lokhu kusiza ukufihla ukuziphatha komsebenzisi kusetshenziswa Izandiso Zobumfihlo: Ikhompyutha ivame ukufaka ingxenye entsha ye-host engahleliwe kwisiqalo se-subnet futhi isebenzisa leli kheli ekuxhumekeni okusha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ikhompyutha isebenzisa amakheli e-IPv6 anengxenye eqhubekayo yokusingatha ithrafikhi engenayo engacelwanga, njengemisebenzi yeseva noma isilawuli kude. .
Amakheli amade e-IPv6 angafinyezwa: Oziro abaphambili ebhulokini lezinombolo ezine bangashiywa, futhi uchungechunge olulodwa oluqhubekayo lwamaziro lungashintshwa ngamakholoni amabili. 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:0000:0000:0001 kuqala kufezwa ngokususa o-zero abaholayo kubhulokhi ngayinye yabane 2001:db8:0:42:0:0:0:1.
Ingxenye ende kakhulu eqhubekayo engu-zero ingabhekwa njenge... :: hamba ndawonye, lokho kuzoba 2001:db8:0:42::1. Isibonelo esicacile nakakhulu: fe80:0000:0000:0000:02aa:00ff:fe28:9c5a ngizo fe80::2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a. Lokhu kubalulekile: :: Ingasetshenziswa kanye kuphela ngekheli ngalinye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kamuva bekungeke kucace ukuthi zingaki. 0000-amabhlogo empeleni ayehloselwe.
Ekugcineni, i-IPv6 ayinzima kakhulu njengoba ibonakala ekuqaleni. Ngisho nalabo abangasebenzisi ifu lasekhaya kufanele bayivule ku-router yabo. Ngamakheli afanele kanye nama-firewall ahlelwe kahle, i-IPv6 isebenza ngemuva futhi yenza imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ibe lula kakhulu. Ukunika amandla i-IPv6 namuhla akugcini nje ngokulungiselela inethiwekhi yakho izinhlelo zokusebenza zakusasa kodwa futhi kukunika inkululeko, ubulula, kanye nokulawula okwamanje.