ʻO ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele (IP) ke kumu o nā polokalamu pūnaewele āpau. Kūkulu ʻia nā protocol ʻē aʻe, e like me TCP a me UDP, ma luna o ia mea, e lawe ana i nā lawelawe e like me HTTP(S), leka uila, kelepona, a me DNS. Ke pani nei ʻo IPv6 i ka protocol lawe IPv4 kahiko no ka mea ua pau loa kona wahi helu wahi liʻiliʻi o kahi o 4 biliona mau helu wahi. Ua aneane puni ka IPv6 i nā wahi āpau a ʻoi aku ka pono ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe he nui.
ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e holo i kahi ao home, pono ʻoe e hoʻā iā ia i loko o kāu router. ʻO NAT i loko o ka router wale nō e uhi i ka pilikia ma ka hūnā ʻana i nā polokalamu he nui ma hope o kahi helu wahi IPv4 lehulehu hoʻokahi. Hoʻonui ʻo IPv6 i ka wahi helu wahi i kahi 340 sextillion nui, kahi e lawa ai no ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai me nā helu wahi he nui no kēlā me kēia polokalamu. Eia kekahi, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pūnaewele i ka wā lōʻihi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻolako a me nā lawelawe e makemake iā IPv6.
ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hana ka pūnaewele e like me ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia: Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i kēlā me kēia kikowaena ke hōʻea pololei i kēlā me kēia kikowaena ʻē aʻe, inā ʻae ʻia nā pā ahi ma ke ala. ʻOiai ʻo nā polokalamu kahiko e hoʻomaopopo pinepine iā IPv4 wale nō, e hoʻomau nā protocol ʻelua i ka holo like ma ke ʻano dual-stack ma nā wahi he nui no ka manawa lōʻihi e hiki mai ana. ʻAʻole hiki iā IPv4 ke hana i nā mea āpau no ka manawa lōʻihi: ʻO kēia ʻenehana kahiko e uhi wale ana i ka hemahema o ka helu wahi ma o NAT.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻohana nona ka pūnaewele i pili i ka pūnaewele ma o ke TV uwea ke komo i kā lākou ao home mai waho a hoʻokumu paha i kahi pilina VPN no ka mea ʻaʻole loaʻa i kā lākou router kahi helu wahi IPv4 lehulehu. Hiki kēia me nā pūnaewele IPv6, a aia kekahi mau pono hou aʻe: hiki i nā kikowaena he nui ma ka LAN ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe like i ka manawa like, a i ʻole hiki i nā luna hoʻomalu ke hoʻokele mamao i kekahi kikowaena ma ka LAN ma o ka pākaukau mamao.
E like me IPv4, loaʻa iā IPv6 nā helu wahi i kūpono wale nō i loko o ka pūnaewele, i loko o ka prefix. fe80::/10. A laila, loaʻa i kahi kamepiula ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi helu wahi IPv6 kūpono honua (Globally Unique Address, GUA) kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke hōʻea i nā kikowaena IPv6 ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hāʻawi nā mea hoʻohele he nui i nā Unique Local Addresses (ULAs, range). fd00::/8) ma luna. ʻAe kēia i nā ʻoihana e hoʻokele i ke kaʻa ma waena o nā keʻena, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe o lākou komo pūnaewele.
ʻO ka prefix ka hapa mua o ka helu wahi IPv6, i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hoʻolako. Hoʻohana ka mea hoʻopili iā ia e hoʻoholo ai inā pono e hele kahi pūʻolo i ka mea hoʻolako, kahi mea hoʻopili ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele, a i ʻole ka (W)LAN kūloko. ʻO ka hapalua ʻelua o ka helu wahi ʻo ia ka mea hōʻike hāmeʻa (IID) ma ka pūnaewele kūloko. Hāʻawi ka nui o nā mea hoʻolako i nā prefix nui aʻe, e like me... /56, ʻAe kēia i ka hana o 256 mau subnets kaʻawale: 56 mau bits i ka Pūnaewele, ʻewalu mau subnet bits a me 64 mau bits i loko o ka subnet no nā kikowaena.
Ua ʻae ʻia kēlā me kēia kikowaena e hāʻawi iā ia iho i nā helu wahi IPv6 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka prefix i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka router. Kōkua kēia i ka hūnā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻohana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Hoʻonui Kulekele: Hoʻohui pinepine ke kamepiula i kahi ʻāpana kikowaena kaulele hou i ka prefix subnet a hoʻohana i kēia helu wahi no nā pilina hou. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hoʻohana ke kamepiula i nā helu wahi IPv6 me kahi ʻāpana kikowaena mau no ke kaʻa e hiki mai ana i noi ʻole ʻia, e like me nā hana kikowaena a i ʻole ka mana mamao. .
Hiki ke hoʻopōkole ʻia nā helu wahi IPv6 lōʻihi: Hiki ke kāpae ʻia nā zero ma mua o kahi poloka o ʻehā mau huahelu, a hiki ke pani ʻia hoʻokahi kaula mau o nā zero e ʻelua mau kolona. 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:0000:0000:0001 ua hoʻokō mua ʻia ma ka wehe ʻana i nā zeros mua i kēlā me kēia poloka o ʻehā 2001:db8:0:42:0:0:0:1.
A laila hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka ʻāpana zero hoʻomau lōʻihi loa he... :: e neʻe pū, e lilo ia i 2001:db8:0:42::1. He laʻana maopopo loa aku: fe80:0000:0000:0000:02aa:00ff:fe28:9c5a e lilo fe80::2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a. He mea nui kēia: :: Hoʻokahi wale nō manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ai no kēlā me kēia helu wahi. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole maopopo ka nui ma hope. 0000ʻo nā poloka -ua manaʻo ʻia maoli nō.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka IPv6 ma mua o ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia. ʻOiai ka poʻe ʻaʻole e holo i kahi ao home e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻā i loko o kā lākou router. Me nā helu wahi kūpono a me nā pā ahi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, hana ʻo IPv6 ma ke kua a hoʻomaʻalahi i nā hana pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻā ʻana iā IPv6 i kēia lā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomākaukau wale i kāu pūnaewele no nā noi o ka lā ʻapōpō akā hāʻawi pū iā ʻoe i ke kūʻokoʻa, ka maʻalahi, a me ka mana i kēia manawa.