UThomas M. Cover ubuze lo mbuzo olandelayo omangazayo ngo-1987 ku- "Open Problems in Communication and Computation": Player \(X\) ubhala izinombolo zemvelo ezimbili ezihlukene futhi ezikhethwe ngokungahleliwe \(A\) kanye \(B\) kwababili abahlukene Ucezu lwephepha walibeka phansi etafuleni. Umdlali \(Y\) manje ukhetha ngokungahleliwe eyodwa yalezi zingcezu zephepha, abone inombolo bese manje kufanele anqume ukuthi le nombolo incane noma inkulu yini kunenye leyo esabheke phansi etafuleni.
Umdlali \(Y\) angahle angalijiki ikhadi elibheke phansi. Okokuqala uvumela uhlamvu lwemali ukuthi lunqume futhi ngenxa yalokho uthole isu elinamathuba wokuwina we - \(50\%\) . Ingabe likhona elinye isu elinamathuba aphezulu?
Ngaphambi kokuba umdlali \(Y\) akhethe ngokungahleliwe okukodwa kwalezi zingcezu ezimbili zephepha, unquma inombolo yemvelo engenakuphikiswa \(C\) . Ube esenika esinye sezicucu ezimbili zephepha okungahleliwe. Manje uthatha isinqumo ngokulandelayo: Uma inombolo eguquliwe ingu \( \leq C \) , ukhetha inombolo ekwelinye iphepha njengaleyo enkulu; uma inombolo eguquliwe ingu \( > C\) , ukhetha inombolo esanda kuguqulwa njengeyona enkulu. Ngokumangazayo, amathuba okuwina manje \( > 50\% \) .
Siqale ukusetha ukuqokwa kwezinombolo ezimbili ku - \(A < B\) . Ngemuva kwalokho elinye lamacala amathathu alandelayo livela ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhethwa kwe- \(C\):
- Icala lokuqala: \( C \leq A < B \) : Bese kuthi ithuba lokuwina libe ngu- \(50\%\) , ngoba alukho ulwazi mayelana ne - \(A\) kanye \(B\) .
- Icala lesibili: \( A < B \leq C \) : Bese kuthi ithuba lokuwina libe \(50\%\) , ngoba alukho ulwazi mayelana \(A\) kanye \(B\) .
- Icala lesithathu: \( A < C < B \) : Bese kuthi ithuba lokuwina lithi \(100\%\) , ngoba uma \( B \) liphendulwa kuqala, umuntu uhlala no \( B \) futhi uma \(A\) ijikwa kuqala, ushintshela ku \(B\) , ngakho-ke uhlala ukhetha inombolo enkulu.
Ngokumangazayo, leli su lisetshenziswa futhi empilweni yansuku zonke: Isibonelo, uma kufanele unqume ngokushesha noma ngokumelene nokuthenga umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuthola ukunikezwa kokuqhathanisa, uzibekela umkhawulo wezezimali kusengaphambili. Uma lo mkhawulo wentengo yangempela uhlangatsheziwe, ukuthengwa kuyenziwa - uma kungenjalo akunakwenziwa.