{"id":4074,"date":"2024-12-29T09:04:31","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T08:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vielhuber.de\/?p=4074"},"modified":"2024-12-29T10:32:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T09:32:19","slug":"e-mails-verzoegert-senden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vielhuber.de\/blog\/e-mails-verzoegert-senden\/","title":{"rendered":"E-Mails verz\u00f6gert senden"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Uhrzeit gerade unpassend? E-Mail zu fr\u00fch abgeschickt? E-Mails zu verz\u00f6gern kann in vielen Situationen sinnvoll sein: Sei es, um sich eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfungszeit einzur\u00e4umen oder seinen eigenen Workload effektiv zu steuern \u2013 das Timing kann entscheidend sein. Es folgen drei M\u00f6glichkeiten, wie man das Versenden von E-Mails verz\u00f6gern und seine eigene Kommunikation optimieren kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Outlook<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Microsoft Outlook bietet eine integrierte Funktion, mit der Sie E-Mails verz\u00f6gern k\u00f6nnen. Dazu nutzt man die Funktion \"Optionen > \u00dcbermittlung verz\u00f6gern\"<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Der gro\u00dfe Nachteil dieser L\u00f6sung ist es, dass (auch in Exchange-Umgebungen) Outlook hier clientseitig beim Versandzeitpunkt laufen muss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gmail<\/a> bietet hier eine etwas bessere L\u00f6sung an. Dazu geht man vor dem Versand einer E-Mail auf \"Senden planen\"<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Bereits versandte E-Mails kann man auch innerhalb von 30 Sekunden \"r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig\" machen. Dazu legt setzt man die jeweilige Einstellung unter \"Alle Einstellungen aufrufen\"<\/strong> zun\u00e4chst fest:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Wenn man nun eine E-Mail absendet, kann man sie links unten innerhalb dieser Zeitspanne r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig machen:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Boomerang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt kostenpflichtige Dienstleister wie Boomerang for Outlook<\/a>, die neben Erinnerungen oder automatisierte Follow-Ups auch einen verz\u00f6gerten E-Mail-Versand anbieten:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nachteilig ist hier, dass die E-Mails auf fremden Servern landen und die Nutzung kostenpflichtig ist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PHP<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Grund genug, etwas selbst zu bauen: Mit Hilfe eines kleinen PHP-Scripts<\/a> kann man ebenso das Gew\u00fcnschte erreichen. Zun\u00e4chst legen wir in unserem Postfach eine Ordnerstruktur an:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Diese gibt den gew\u00fcnschten Versandzeitpunkt wieder. Der Workflow besteht nun darin, die verfasste E-Mail statt abzusenden als Entwurf zu speichern und in den jeweiligen Ordner zu verschieben. Wir installieren dann alle ben\u00f6tigten PHP-Packages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

composer require php-imap\/php-imap phpmailer\/phpmailer vlucas\/phpdotenv<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Schlie\u00dflich erstellen wir eine .env<\/code>-Datei mit Zugangsdaten und Einstellungen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HOST_SMTP=\"xxx\"\nPORT_SMTP=465\nHOST_IMAP=\"xxx\"\nPORT_IMAP=993\nUSERNAME=\"foo@bar.com\"\nPASSWORD=\"xxx\"\nENCRYPTION=\"ssl\"\nFROM_ADDRESS=\"foo@bar.com\"\nFROM_NAME=\"Foo Bar\"\nFOLDER_INBOX=\"INBOX\/DELAY\"\nFOLDER_OUTBOX=\"Gesendete Elemente\"\nPHP_EXECUTABLE=\"\/usr\/bin\/php\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Das folgende PHP-Script erledigt dann den Rest:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<?php\nrequire_once __DIR__ . '\/vendor\/autoload.php';\n\nclass MailDelay\n{\n    private \\PhpImap\\Mailbox $mailbox;\n    private array $folders;\n\n    public function init(): void\n    {\n        $this->loadEnvironmentVariables();\n        $this->initMailbox();\n        $this->initFolders();\n        $this->processFolders();\n    }\n\n    private function loadEnvironmentVariables(): void\n    {\n        $dotenv = \\Dotenv\\Dotenv::createImmutable(__DIR__);\n        $dotenv->load();\n    }\n\n    private function initMailbox(): void\n    {\n        $this->mailbox = new \\PhpImap\\Mailbox(\n            '{' . $_SERVER['HOST_IMAP'] . ':' . $_SERVER['PORT_IMAP'] . '\/imap\/ssl}' . $_SERVER['FOLDER_INBOX'],\n            $_SERVER['USERNAME'],\n            $_SERVER['PASSWORD'],\n            sys_get_temp_dir(),\n            'UTF-8'\n        );\n    }\n\n    private function initFolders(): void\n    {\n        $this->folders = [];\n        $folders = $this->mailbox->getMailboxes('*');\n        foreach ($folders as $folder) {\n            if ($folder['shortpath'] === $_SERVER['FOLDER_INBOX']) {\n                continue;\n            }\n            $this->folders[] = (object) $folder;\n        }\n    }\n\n    private function processFolders(): void\n    {\n        foreach ($this->folders as $folder) {\n            $this->mailbox->switchMailbox($folder->fullpath);\n            $mailIds = $this->mailbox->searchMailbox('ALL');\n            foreach ($mailIds as $mailId) {\n                $preparedMail = $this->prepareMailData($mailId, $folder->shortpath);\n                if (\n                    $preparedMail->subject !== 'Dies ist Plain Text' &&\n                    strtotime($preparedMail->time_to_send) > strtotime('now')\n                ) {\n                    continue;\n                }\n                try {\n                    $this->sendMail($preparedMail);\n                    echo 'Successfully sent mail #' . $preparedMail->id . '.' . PHP_EOL;\n                } catch (\\Exception $e) {\n                    echo 'Error in sending mail #' . $preparedMail->id . ': ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;\n                }\n            }\n        }\n        echo 'All mails have been processed.' . PHP_EOL;\n    }\n\n    private function prepareMailData(int $id, string $folder): object\n    {\n        $mail = $this->mailbox->getMail($id, false); \/\/ don't mark as unread\n\n        return (object) [\n            'id' => (string) $mail->id,\n            'to' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->to),\n            'cc' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->cc),\n            'bcc' => $this->formatEmailAddresses($mail->bcc),\n            'subject' => (string) $mail->subject,\n            'content_html' => $this->convertEncoding($mail->textHtml),\n            'content_plain' => $this->convertEncoding($mail->textPlain),\n            'attachments' => $this->determineAttachments($mail->getAttachments()),\n            'time_to_send' => $this->determineTimeToSend(explode('\/', $folder)[2], $mail->date)\n        ];\n    }\n\n    private function formatEmailAddresses(?array $addresses): ?array\n    {\n        if (empty($addresses)) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        return array_map(\n            function ($key, $value) {\n                return [\n                    'email' => $key,\n                    'name' => $key === $value ? null : str_replace(' (' . $key . ')', '', $value)\n                ];\n            },\n            array_keys($addresses),\n            $addresses\n        );\n    }\n\n    private function convertEncoding(string $text): string\n    {\n        return mb_detect_encoding($text, 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1') !== 'UTF-8'\n            ? \\UConverter::transcode($text, 'UTF8', 'ISO-8859-1')\n            : $text;\n    }\n\n    private function determineAttachments(array $attachmentsImap): array\n    {\n        $attachments = [];\n        if (!empty($attachmentsImap)) {\n            foreach ($attachmentsImap as $attachment) {\n                $attachments[] = [\n                    'name' => $attachment->name,\n                    'file' => $attachment->filePath,\n                    'disposition' => $attachment->disposition,\n                    'inline_id' => $attachment->contentId\n                ];\n            }\n        }\n        return $attachments;\n    }\n\n    private function determineTimeToSend(string $delayTime, string $date): ?string\n    {\n        $timeToSend = null;\n        if ($delayTime === 'THIS EVENING') {\n            $timeToSend = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date)) . ' 18:00:00';\n        } elseif ($delayTime === 'THIS NIGHT') {\n            $timeToSend =\n                date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date . (date('H', strtotime($date)) >= 4 ? ' + 1 day' : ''))) . ' 03:42:00';\n        } elseif ($delayTime === 'NEXT MORNING') {\n            $timeToSend =\n                date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date . (date('H', strtotime($date)) >= 9 ? ' + 1 day' : ''))) . ' 09:00:00';\n        } elseif ($delayTime === 'NEXT WEEK') {\n            $date = new \\DateTime(date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date)));\n            $date->modify('next monday');\n            $timeToSend = $date->format('Y-m-d') . ' 09:00:00';\n        }\n        return $timeToSend;\n    }\n\n    private function sendMail(object $preparedMail): void\n    {\n        $mail = new \\PHPMailer\\PHPMailer\\PHPMailer(true);\n\n        $mail->isSMTP();\n        $mail->Host = $_SERVER['HOST_SMTP'];\n        $mail->Port = $_SERVER['PORT_SMTP'];\n        $mail->Username = $_SERVER['USERNAME'];\n        $mail->Password = $_SERVER['PASSWORD'];\n        $mail->SMTPSecure = $_SERVER['ENCRYPTION'];\n        $mail->setFrom($_SERVER['FROM_ADDRESS'], $_SERVER['FROM_NAME']);\n        $mail->SMTPAuth = true;\n        $mail->SMTPOptions = [\n            'tls' => ['verify_peer' => false, 'verify_peer_name' => false, 'allow_self_signed' => true],\n            'ssl' => ['verify_peer' => false, 'verify_peer_name' => false, 'allow_self_signed' => true]\n        ];\n        $mail->CharSet = 'utf-8';\n\n        $this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->to, 'addAddress');\n        $this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->cc, 'addCC');\n        $this->addRecipients($mail, $preparedMail->bcc, 'addBCC');\n\n        $mail->isHTML(!empty($preparedMail->content_html));\n        $mail->Subject = $preparedMail->subject;\n\n        if (!empty($preparedMail->content_html)) {\n            $mail->Body = $preparedMail->content_html;\n            $mail->AltBody = !empty($preparedMail->content_plain)\n                ? $preparedMail->content_plain\n                : strip_tags(str_replace(['<br>', '<br\/>', '<br \/>'], \"\\r\\n\", $preparedMail->content_html));\n        } else {\n            $mail->Body = $preparedMail->content_plain;\n        }\n\n        $this->addAttachments($mail, $preparedMail->attachments);\n\n        $mail->send();\n\n        $this->mailbox->moveMail($preparedMail->id, $_SERVER['FOLDER_OUTBOX']);\n    }\n\n    private function addRecipients(\\PHPMailer\\PHPMailer\\PHPMailer $mail, ?array $recipients, string $method): void\n    {\n        if (!empty($recipients)) {\n            foreach ($recipients as $recipient) {\n                $mail->$method($recipient['email'], $recipient['name']);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    private function addAttachments(\\PHPMailer\\PHPMailer\\PHPMailer $mail, array $attachments): void\n    {\n        if (!empty($attachments)) {\n            foreach ($attachments as $attachment) {\n                if (!empty($attachment['file']) && !empty($attachment['name']) && file_exists($attachment['file'])) {\n                    if ($attachment['disposition'] === 'attachment') {\n                        $mail->addAttachment($attachment['file'], $attachment['name']);\n                    } elseif ($attachment['disposition'] === 'inline') {\n                        $mail->AddEmbeddedImage(\n                            $attachment['file'],\n                            $attachment['inline_id'],\n                            $attachment['name'],\n                            'base64',\n                            'image\/png'\n                        );\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n$md = new MailDelay();\n$md->init();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Damit dieses Script wiederkehrend l\u00e4uft, legen wir uns eine Bash-Datei an:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/usr\/bin\/env bash\nsource $(dirname \"$0\")\/.env\n\"$PHP_EXECUTABLE\" $(dirname \"$0\")\/maildelay.php<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Wir f\u00fchren dieses Script dann alle 10 Minuten per Cronjob aus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*\/10 * * * * \/path\/to\/maildelay\/maildelay.sh 2>&1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Diese L\u00f6sung ist flexibel anpassbar, datenschutzfreundlich und kostenlos. Sie funktioniert mit jedem (IMAP-kompatiblen) Konto. Doch unabh\u00e4ngig davon, ob man die integrierte Funktion in Outlook oder Gmail nutzt, auf erweiterte Tools wie Boomerang zur\u00fcckgreift oder eine individuelle L\u00f6sung implementiert \u2013 das zeitversetzte Senden von E-Mails ist ein wertvolles Instrument, um die eigene Produktivit\u00e4t zu steigern.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Uhrzeit gerade unpassend? E-Mail zu fr\u00fch abgeschickt? E-Mails zu verz\u00f6gern kann in vielen Situationen sinnvoll sein: Sei es, um sich eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfungszeit einzur\u00e4umen oder seinen eigenen Workload effektiv zu steuern \u2013 das Timing kann entscheidend sein. Es folgen drei M\u00f6glichkeiten, wie man das Versenden von E-Mails verz\u00f6gern und seine eigene Kommunikation optimieren kann.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"gtbabel_prevent_lngs":"","gtbabel_alt_lng":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4074","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-blog"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"E-Mails verz\u00f6gert senden < Vielhuber David<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uhrzeit gerade unpassend? E-Mail zu fr\u00fch abgeschickt? 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